An ostomy surgery is a procedure that creates an artificial opening, called a stoma, in the abdomen. This opening allows waste to be eliminated from the body when the person's colon or rectum is removed or not functioning properly. Ostomy surgery can be life-saving for individuals who have certain medical conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), colorectal cancer, diverticulitis, or other conditions that affect the function of the colon or rectum.
There are three main types of ostomy surgeries:
- Colostomy: The stoma is created from the colon and waste is eliminated in the form of stool.
- Ileostomy: The stoma is created from the ileum (the last part of the small intestine) and waste is eliminated in the form of liquid and semi-solid stool.
- Urostomy: The stoma is created from the urinary tract and waste is eliminated in the form of urine.
The surgery is usually performed under general anesthesia, and the type of procedure will depend on the individual's specific condition. The surgeon will make an incision in the abdomen and create the stoma by bringing the end of the intestine to the surface of the skin. The stoma will be located on the left or right side of the abdomen, depending on the individual's anatomy.
After the surgery, an ostomy bag or pouch is placed over the stoma to collect the waste. These bags come in different sizes and types and can be disposable or reusable. It's important to find the right fit and type of bag that works for you, as it can affect your comfort and confidence.
Recovery from ostomy surgery can take several weeks. Pain, swelling, and bruising are normal after the surgery and will gradually improve. It's important to follow your surgeon's instructions for wound care, activity level, and diet to ensure proper healing.
It's also important to take care of your skin around the stoma to prevent irritation or infection. This includes regular cleaning of the area, using a stoma powder or paste to protect the skin, and being mindful of clothing that may rub against the stoma.
It's also important to have a support system in place, whether it be friends, family, or an ostomy support group. It's also important to work with an ostomy nurse, who can provide education, support, and troubleshoot any problems that may arise.
In conclusion, Ostomy surgery is a procedure that creates an artificial opening in the abdomen to allow waste to be eliminated from the body. There are three main types of ostomies, colostomy, ileostomy, and urostomy. The surgery is usually performed under general anesthesia and recovery can take several weeks. It's important to follow the surgeon's instructions for wound care, activity level, and diet to ensure proper healing, and have a support system in place to provide education and support.